Cucumber Green Spider

Araniella cucurbitina, also known as the Green orb-weaver spider, was first described by Carl Alexander Clerck in 1757. It is found in the Palaearctic region, including Europe, Turkey, Central Asia, China, and Korea, and has also been introduced to parts of North America. The spiders are typically found in forest clearings, woods, bushes, and low vegetation. Adult females are larger than males, with the males being slimmer and having more developed limbs. The spiders are green in color, with the cephalothorax being light yellowish to red-brown and the abdomen being green or yellowish green. They weave orb-shaped webs between leaves and flowers, and their egg sacs are commonly found attached to the underside of leaves.

Taxonomy

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The species was first described by the Swedish entomologist and arachnologist Carl Alexander Clerck (1709-1765) in 1757 as Araneus cucurbitinus and was revised in 1942 by Chamberlin & Ivie with the name Araniella cucurbitina.

Distribution

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This species occurs in the Palaearctic. It is widespread in north-western and central Europe, in Turkey, and in Central Asia to China and Korea. It can also be found in parts of North America, where it was probably introduced.

Habitat

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These spiders are mainly found on forest clearings, in woods, bushes, scrub and hedgerows and in low vegetation.

Description

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Females of Araniella cucurbitina are larger than males. Moreover the male is generally much slimmer, with more developed limbs (Sexual dimorphism). In fact females grow up to 4.5–9.5 millimetres (0.18–0.37 in), while males only up to 3.5–4.5 millimetres (0.14–0.18 in). Adult spiders in Spring show a basic green color. The cephalothorax (prosoma) is light yellowish to red-brown, but the abdomen (opisthosoma) is definitely green or yellowish green, with four pairs of black lateral spots. The legs are yellowish green or yellow-red-brown. On the lower end of the abdomen there is a red mark. At the extremities of the pedipalps, males have the copulatory organs, called palpal bulbs, similar to an ampoule, that are used to transfer sperm to the female. Freshly hatched spiderlings are red, and change to brown before the autumn. Araniella opisthographa is an almost identical spider which can only be distinguished from A. cucurbitina by a microscopic investigation.

Biology

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Adults can be found mainly from May to July, but females last as late as September. These spiders do not use a hideout, because they are camouflaged by their green colour. They weave their orb-web between leaves and flowers. These webs are irregularly shaped and only about 100 mm (3.9 in) in diameter. They have between 15 and 30 rays. The spider usually stands in the middle of the web while waiting for prey. Egg sacs are commonly attached to the underside of leaves.

External links

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Media related to Araniella cucurbitina at Wikimedia Commons