Plant-parasitic Hemipterans
Lat. “Sternorrhyncha“1 suborder, 1 superfamily, 3 species The Sternorrhyncha suborder of the Hemiptera contains the aphids, whiteflies, and scale insects, groups which were traditionally included in the order Homoptera. “Sternorrhyncha” refers to the rearward position of the mouthparts relative to the head.
Hierarchy Phylogeny The phylogeny of the extant Sternorrhyncha, inferred from analysis of small subunit (18S) ribosomal RNA, is shown in the cladogram.
The evolutionary position of several fossil taxa are unclear. A suggested phylogeny is:
Groups Well-known groups in the Sternorrhyncha include:
aphids – (Aphididae)
woolly and gall-making aphids (Eriosomatinae)
pine and spruce aphids (Adelgidae)
phylloxerans (Phylloxeridae, including the vine phylloxera)
whiteflies – (Aleyrodidae)
jumping plant lice (Psyllidae and allied families)
Superfamily Coccoidea (scale insects)
cottony cushion scales, giant coccids, and ground pearls (Margarodidae)
armoured scales (Diaspididae)
cochineal insects (Dactylopiidae)
lac scales (Kerriidae, Lacciferidae, Tachardinidae)
soft scales (Coccidae)
pit scales (Asterolecaniidae)
mealybugs (Pseudococcidae)
felted scales (Eriococcidae)
External links Suborder Sternorrhyncha—Plant-parasitic Hemipterans at BugGuide
Ancestry Graph %%{
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flowchart LR
classDef active fill:#fff
arthropods("phylum: Arthropods"):::active
arthropods-->insects("class: Insects"):::active
insects-.->bark-lice-book-lice-and-parasitic-lice("order: Bark Lice, Book Lice, and Parasitic Lice")
insects-.->beetles("order: Beetles")
insects-.->brachyceran-flies("suborder: Brachyceran Flies")
insects-.->brown-lacewings("family: Brown Lacewings")
insects-.->butterflies-and-moths("order: Butterflies and Moths")
insects-.->cockroaches-and-termites("order: Cockroaches and Termites")
insects-.->dragonflies-and-damselflies("order: Dragonflies and Damselflies")
insects-.->earwigs("order: Earwigs")
insects-.->grasshoppers-crickets-and-katydids("order: Grasshoppers, Crickets, and Katydids")
insects-.->green-lacewings("family: Green Lacewings")
insects-.->mayflies("order: Mayflies")
insects-.->narrow-waisted-wasps-ants-and-bees("suborder: Narrow-waisted Wasps, Ants, and Bees")
insects-.->nematoceran-flies("suborder: Nematoceran Flies")
insects==>plant-parasitic-hemipterans("suborder: Plant-parasitic Hemipterans"):::active
insects-.->sawflies-horntails-and-wood-wasps("suborder: Sawflies, Horntails, and Wood Wasps")
insects-.->true-bugs("suborder: True Bugs")
insects-.->true-hoppers("suborder: True Hoppers")
click bark-lice-book-lice-and-parasitic-lice href "/en/catalogue/arthropods/insects/bark-lice-book-lice-and-parasitic-lice/"
click beetles href "/en/catalogue/arthropods/insects/beetles/"
click brachyceran-flies href "/en/catalogue/arthropods/insects/brachyceran-flies/"
click brown-lacewings href "/en/catalogue/arthropods/insects/brown-lacewings/"
click butterflies-and-moths href "/en/catalogue/arthropods/insects/butterflies-and-moths/"
click cockroaches-and-termites href "/en/catalogue/arthropods/insects/cockroaches-and-termites/"
click dragonflies-and-damselflies href "/en/catalogue/arthropods/insects/dragonflies-and-damselflies/"
click earwigs href "/en/catalogue/arthropods/insects/earwigs/"
click grasshoppers-crickets-and-katydids href "/en/catalogue/arthropods/insects/grasshoppers-crickets-and-katydids/"
click green-lacewings href "/en/catalogue/arthropods/insects/green-lacewings/"
click mayflies href "/en/catalogue/arthropods/insects/mayflies/"
click narrow-waisted-wasps-ants-and-bees href "/en/catalogue/arthropods/insects/narrow-waisted-wasps-ants-and-bees/"
click nematoceran-flies href "/en/catalogue/arthropods/insects/nematoceran-flies/"
click plant-parasitic-hemipterans href "/en/catalogue/arthropods/insects/plant-parasitic-hemipterans/"
click sawflies-horntails-and-wood-wasps href "/en/catalogue/arthropods/insects/sawflies-horntails-and-wood-wasps/"
click true-bugs href "/en/catalogue/arthropods/insects/true-bugs/"
click true-hoppers href "/en/catalogue/arthropods/insects/true-hoppers/"
click arthropods href "/en/catalogue/arthropods/"
click insects href "/en/catalogue/arthropods/insects/"
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